Skip to main content

Table 2 Change from baseline for secondary outcome measures at different time points

From: Acupuncture combined with auricular acupressure for smoking cessation and its effects on tobacco dependence and smoking behavior among Hong Kong smokers: a multicenter pilot clinical study

Outcome

Total

P valuea

Successful Quit (n = 14)

Unsuccessful Quit (n = 16)

P valueb

FTND

     

 Week 2

− 0.80 (− 3.51 to − 0.08)

0.03

− 2.57 (− 5.44 to 0.30)

− 1.12 (− 3.27 to 1.02)

0.18

 Week 4

− 2.06 (− 3.77 to − 0.35)

0.006

− 3.07 (− 6.01 to − 0.12)*

− 1.18 (− 3.17 to 0.79)

0.06

 Week 6

− 2.50 (− 4.16 to − 0.84)

 < 0.001

− 3.35 (− 6.21 to − 0.50)*

− 1.75 (− 3.70 to 0.20)

0.08

 Week 8

− 2.73 (− 4.49 to − 0.97)

 < 0.001

− 4.35 (− 6.98 to − 1.72)‡

− 1.31 (− 3.48 to 0.85)

0.006

 Week 16

− 2.73 (− 4.51 to − 0.95)

 < 0.001

− 4.42 (− 7.02 to − 1.83)‡

− 1.25 (− 3.44 to 0.94)

0.004

 Week 24

− 2.76 (− 4.48 to − 1.05)

 < 0.001

− 4.78 (− 7.04 to − 2.52)‡

− 1.00 (− 3.05 to 1.05)

 < 0.001

AUTOS

     

 Week 2

− 3.30 (− 9.83 to 3.23)

1.00

− 4.85 (− 14.43 to 4.72)

− 1.93 (− 11.18 to 7.31)

0.90

 Week 4

− 5.83 (− 12.22 to 0.55)

0.11

− 9.07 (− 18.80 to 0.65)

− 3.00 (− 11.74 to 5.74)

0.10

 Week 6

− 8.93 (− 14.82 to − 3.04)

 < 0.001

− 12.14 (− 21.65 to − 2.62)†

− 6.12 (− 13.62 to 1.37)

0.24

 Week 8

− 10.73 (− 16.55 to − 4.91)

 < 0.001

− 14.00 (− 23.48 to − 4.51)†

− 7.87 (− 15.54 to − 0.20)*

0.46

 Week 16

− 12.56 (− 18.10 to − 7.02)

 < 0.001

− 17.50 (− 25.99 to − 9.00)‡

− 8.25 (− 15.71 to − 0.78)*

0.04

 Week 24

− 13.03 (− 19.10 to − 6.96)

 < 0.001

− 20.28 (− 27.89 to − 12.67)‡

− 6.68 (− 15.09 to 1.72)

 < 0.001

HAM− A

     

 Week 2

− 0.86 (− 8.64 to 6.91)

1.00

− 2.00 (− 13.48 to 9.48)

0.12 (− 10.29 to 10.54)

0.40

 Week 4

− 4.13 (− 11.69 to 3.42)

1.00

− 5.78 (− 17.48 to 5.91)

− 2.68 (− 12.35 to 6.97)

0.60

 Week 6

− 6.20 (− 13.54 to 1.14)

0.20

− 7.14 (− 19.51 to 5.23)

− 5.37 (− 13.85 to 3.10)

0.55

 Week 8

− 6.53 (− 13.82 to 0.75)

0.12

− 8.14 (− 20.17 to 3.89)

− 5.12 (− 14.00 to 3.75)

0.80

 Week 16

− 4.96 (− 12.13 to 2.20)

0.66

− 6.07 (− 17.98 to 5.84)

− 4.00 (− 12.62 to 4.62)

0.36

 Week 24

− 5.80 (− 13.08 to 1.48)

0.29

− 9.14 (− 20.44 to 2.15)

− 2.87 (− 12.80 to 7.05)

0.97

SAS

     

 Week 2

− 2.40 (− 8.61 to 3.81)

1.00

− 1.00 (− 11.45 to 9.45)

− 3.62 (− 11.52 to 4.27)

0.23

 Week 4

− 4.16 (− 9.97 to 1.64)

0.55

− 3.28 (− 13.06 to 6.48)

− 4.93 (− 12.41 to 2.54)

0.26

 Week 6

− 3.60 (− 8.82 to 1.62)

0.66

− 3.21 (− 12.43 to 6.01)

− 3.93 (− 10.54 to 2.67)

0.47

 Week 8

− 5.03 (− 10.95 to 0.89)

0.19

− 5.57 (− 16.06 to 4.92)

− 4.56 (− 11.92 to 2.79)

0.86

 Week 16

− 3.66 (− 8.99 to 1.65)

0.67

− 3.00 (− 12.28 to 6.28)

− 4.25 (− 11.06 to 2.56)

0.27

 Week 24

− 2.33 (− 7.58 to 2.91)

1.00

− 1.71 (− 10.77 to 7.34)

− 2.87 (− 9.71 to 3.96)

0.37

PSQI

     

 Week 2

− 0.80 (− 3.79 to 2.19)

1.00

− 1.00 (− 5.66 to 3.66)

− 0.62 (− 4.70 to 3.45)

0.64

 Week 4

− 1.26 (− 4.43 to 1.90)

1.00

− 1.57 (− 6.56 to 3.41)

− 1.00 (− 5.38 to 3.38)

0.52

 Week 6

− 1.53 (− 4.69 to 1.62)

1.00

− 1.85 (− 6.76 to 3.05)

− 1.25 (− 5.62 to 3.12)

0.44

 Week 8

− 1.60 (− 4.68 to 1.48)

1.00

− 1.85 (− 6.61 to 2.89)

− 1.37 (− 5.67 to 2.92)

0.41

 Week 16

− 1.53 (− 4.75 to 1.68)

1.00

− 2.00 (− 6.91 to 2.91)

− 1.12 (− 5.70 to 3.45)

0.45

 Week 24

− 1.66 (− 5.06 to 1.73)

1.00

− 2.85 (− 7.64 to 1.93)

− 0.62 (− 5.61 to 4.36)

0.14

  1. Data are presented as estimated mean (95% CI) from the linear mixed-effects model
  2. FTND, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; AUTOS, Autonomy Over Smoking Scale; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; SAS, Self-rating Anxiety Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
  3. aP values were calculated using a linear mixed-effects model to illustrate pre- and posttreatment differences
  4. bP values were calculated using a linear mixed-effects model to illustrate between-group differences
  5. *P < 0.05, compared with pretreatment within-group
  6. †P < 0.01, compared with pretreatment within-group
  7. ‡P < 0.001, compared with pretreatment within-group