Fig. 9

WPL has inhibitory roles in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling path and decreases pro-inflammatory mediator generation in the gastric mucosa. A Western blotting was used to analyse NF-κB p65, phospho-NF-κB p65, IκB-α, and phospho-IκB-α protein levels, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was applied as a loading control. B, C Densitometry analysis was adopted to quantify relative protein levels using ImageJ software. D, E Real-time PCR analysis was adopted to detect the relative mRNA levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1β in the gastric mucosa. ^###P < 0.001 versus the control group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.01 versus the MNNG-treated group