Fig. 1

The effect of TCM short-term intervention on gut microbiota composition and function. Male C57BL/6J mice (5-week-old) were given Hot TCM (RG_ST, GJ_ST, FZ_ST) or Cold TCM (DH_ST, HQ_ST, HL_ST) by oral gavage once daily for 7 days. Mice in control group were orally administrated with water (Con_ST). A Shannon index. B, C Principal coordinate analysis based on the Binary-Pearson distance algorithm on OTU level. D, E Fecal microbiota at phylum level by 16S rDNA sequencing under Mann–Whitney U test. F Venn diagram between Hot TCM and Cold TCM based on shared genus of each nature. G Venn diagram shown the overlap between Hot TCM shared pathway and Cold TCM shared pathway by PICRUSt2 analysis on KEGG pathway level 3 under Mann–Whitney U test. N = 5 each group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01