Table 3 Sources of some natural product extracts and their mechanisms of action
From: Advances in natural product anti-coronavirus research (2002-2022)
Name of extracts | Source plant | Active sulfated polysaccharides | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Seaweed Extract | Edible seaweed | Anticoagulant heparin | Blockade of ACE2 receptors from binding to proteins | [26] |
Spatholobus Suberectus Dunn Extract | Spatholobus Suberectus Dunn | proanthocyanidins (PACs), flavonoids, Phenolic compounds | Blockade of spinosin receptors and host ACE2 receptors | [70] |
Polygonum Cuspidatum Extract | Polygonum Cuspidatum | Isoquercitrin, Polydatin, Resveratrol | Inhibits the activity of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro | [74] |
Lonicera Japonica Extract | Lonicera Japonica | Flavonoids, Polysaccharides | Inhibite the NF-κB signaling pathway, and reduce inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Promotion of Th1-type cell expression and enhances immunity | |
Ethanolic extract of Scutellaria baicalensis | Scutellaria baicalensis | Baicalin and baicalein | Inhibited SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro activity and SARS-CoV-2 replication | [76] |
Salvia Miltiorrhiza Extract | Salvia Miltiorrhiza | Tanshinones (dihydrotanshinones, etc.) | Inhibit TLR4/NF-κB mediated inflammatory response and play an anti-acute lung injury role and inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV 3CLpro and prevent virus replication |