Table 1 Different ailments treated by Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle and their mode of utilization

Pakistan

–

Rhizome

Backache and tonic

–

[27]

Mamekh Ud-e-Saleeb

Roots, tuber, flowers, Seeds, fruit

Stomach problems, muscles problems, intestine problems, fever, pain killer, headache

–

[28]

Mamakhi

Leaves

Epilepsy, blood purifier, indigestion, headache, dizziness, vomiting

Boiled extract

[29]

Flowers

General body tonic and diarrhea

Decoction

[12]

Rhizome

Backbone ache, tonic, cathartic

[11]

Blood purifier, epilepsy, colic, blood tonic

Back pain and common weakness

[30]

Himalayan peony

Flower

Antidiarrheal, hemorrhoids, expectorant, antispasmodic

[31]

Mamekh

Seeds, tuber

Rheumatism and backache

Paste and powder

[29]

Rhizome, seeds

Backache, general weakness, blood purifier, tonic

Decoction

[32]

Epilepsy, cathartic, colic, purgative

Roots

Internal injuries

Paste

[33]

Diarrhea, rheumatic pain, gynecological disorders, vomiting

Powdered

[34, 35]

Roots, rhizome

Backbone ache, tonic, cathartic, epilepsy, purify blood

Paste, extract

decoction

[36]

Rhizome

Stomach problems

Extract

[37]

Mamekh

Tuber, flowers, seeds, petals

Hysteria, uterine diseases, colic, convulsions, bile duct problems hemorrhoids, varicose veins problem, hypertension, obstruction, blood purifier, cathartic, diarrhea, cough

Infusion and decoction

[35]

[38]

Whole plant

–

Dysentery

Decoction

[39]

Tonic/analgesic

[26]

Tuber, seeds, flower, whole plant

Nervous diseases, uterine diseases, colic, bilious obstruction, dropsy, epilepsy, convulsions, hysteria, diarrhea vomiting, cholera, eye diseases, tuberculosis

[35]

[38]

Stem, tuber

Joint pain, bone fractures, epilepsy, convulsions, hysteria, colic, uterine diseases, bilious obstructions, dropsy, blood purifier

Powder and paste

[40]

[38]

Tuber, flowers

Epileptic attacks, cholera, whooping, cough, uterus diseases, colic, bilious, obstruction, dropsy, convulsions, hysteria, diarrhea, cathartic

Infusion

[35]

Rhizome

Backache, general weakness, skeletomuscular problems

Powder

[41]

Wounds, cuts, narcotic, tonic, tumor, anticancer, stimulant

Chandra

Roots, shoots, leaves

Whooping, cough, intestinal spasms, cuts, post-natal care

Infusion and paste

[42]

Mameikh

Tuber, flowers, seeds, roots, twigs, leaves

Nervous disorders, stomach complaints, purgative

Juice

[43]

Body pain, uterus disorder, blood purifier, skin diseases, backache weakness

[44]

[38]

Mamaikh

Rhizome, seeds

Backbone ache, dropsy, epilepsy, cathartic, blood purifier, colic, purgative, tonic

Extract

[45]

[35]

Rhizome

Backbone ache, tonic, cathartic, blood purifier, dropsy, epilepsy, colic

[46]

[35]

Pamekh, Mamekh

Rhizome

Anti-rheumatic, stomach ailments

Extract

[47]

Rhizomes, roots and seeds

Backbone ache, dropsy, epilepsy, tonic, cathartic, blood purifier

[48]

Rhizome and roots

Purgative, headache, dizziness, vomiting, pregnancy, cathartic backache, headache, dizziness, vomiting, edema, epilepsy, therapeutic, blood cleanser, helps in pregnancy laxative, bellyache

[49]

Mamekh

Rhizome

Backache and stimulant

–

[27]

Shoot

Body pains, heals fractured bones

–

[50]

China

–

Stem, tuber

Joint pain, bone fractures, epilepsy, convulsions, hysteria, colic

Powder and paste

[40]

[35]

Ethiopia

Chandra

Leaves

Uterine diseases, bilious obstructions, dropsy, blood purifier

–

[51]

India

Chandra

Tuber, flowers

Epileptic attacks, cholera, whooping, cough, uterus diseases

Infusion

[24]

[38]

Indigestion, seizures, dropsy, epilepsy, mania

Mental disorder, rheumatism, urine complaints

Leaves

Dysentery,  blood purifier

[1]

Dhandaru

Roots

Skin diseases

Paste

[52]

Chandra

Roots

Intestinal pain, dysentery, piles

Decoction

[53]

Epilepsy, cathartic, colic, purgative

Tuber and roots

Bilious, obstructions, biliousness

-

[54]

Leaves, roots

Blood dysentery, diabetes, improve lactation, hysteria, epilepsy

Powder

[55]

[38]

Roots, rhizome

Uterine diseases, biliousness, dropsy, nervous system

Infusion

[56]

Blood purifier, cathartic, diarrhea, cardiovascular

Headache, hysteria, abdominal spasms, nervine tonic

Respiratory illnesses, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis

Bhoi, Pawin

Roots

Stomach problems

Decoction

[57]

Udsaleeb

Roots, stem, leaves

Dyspepsia, dysentery, diarrhea, fever, blood, purifier

–

[58]

[38]

Rheumatism, urinary troubles, colic, convulsions

Dropsy, cuts, ulcers, wounds, mental diseases

Chandra

Leaves

Blood purifier, dysentery, digestive disorders, foul ulcer

Boiled fried

[59]

Leucorrhoea

Decoction

[55]

Leaves and root

Epilepsy

Powder

[60]

Leaves

Dysentery, haemoglobin deficiency

–

[59]

[38]