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Table 3 Clinical results of TCM in treatment and precaution of irAEs

From: Traditional Chinese medicine in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitor: theory, development, and future directions

Year-Author

Cancer type

TCM

Formulation

Immunotherapy

IrAE

Outcomes

RCT

 2022-Wu L [104]

NSCLC

Qigui Yishen Decoction

Compound prescription

Anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related AKI

Lower BUN, Scr, and higher eGFR

 2022-Min M [105]

Malignant tumour

Heat-sensitive moxibustion

Moxibustion

Anti-PD-1

Prevention

Lower incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related gastrointestinal toxicity

 2021-Zhou Y [106]

Malignant tumour

Yifei Decoction

Yifei Decoction

ICIs

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis

All grades reduced

 2022-Xu Q [107]

Malignant tumour

Topical TCM

Compound prescription

ICIs

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related skin toxicity

Lower incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related skin toxicity

Case report

 2022-Wang Z [102]

gastric carcinoma

Chai-Ling -Tang

Compound prescription

Anti-PD-1(sintilimab) + paclitaxel + tegafur

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cystitis

Recovered

 2022-Li J [103]

lung cancer

Acupuncture

Acupuncture

Anti-PD-1(tislelizumab) + docetaxel

Guillain–Barre Syndrome

Relieved

  1. TCM traditional Chinese medicine, irAE immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse event, NSCLC none-small-cell lung cancer, PD-1 programmed death-1, PD-L1 programmed cell death-ligand 1, AKI acute kidney injury, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Scr serum creatinine, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration Rate, ICIs immune checkpoint inhibitors