Table 1 Effects of Chinese medicine on tumor inflammation and cancer models

Chinese herbal components

Icaritin

↓IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Multiple myeloma

MM xenograft mouse models

[106]

Ginsenoside Rb1

↓TNF-α and IL-6

Cancer cachexia

C26 cancer cachexia mouse

[107]

Notoginsenoside R1

↓IL-6↓JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Osteosarcoma

U2OS osteosarcoma cells

[108]

Astragaloside

↓IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway ↓IL-6R, STAT3, survivin, and cyclin D1

Colitis-associated cancer in mice

AOM/DSS mouse model

[109]

Platycodin D (PD)

↑IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ

H22 hepatocellular carcinoma

Murine solid tumours H22 transplanted model

[110]

Esculentoside A (EsA)

↓ALDH1A1, Sox2, and Oct4↑proapoptotic proteins, Bax and cleaved caspase-3↓Bcl‐2↓IL‐6/STAT3 pathway

Breast cancer

Murine breast CSCs (EMT6M)

[111]

Icariin (ICA)

↓TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10↓Ki67, survivin, Bcl-2, c-Myc↑P16, P53, Bax

Cervical cancer

Mice bearing U14 cervical tumour

[112]

Aloe emodin

↓JNK↓IL-1β and IL-6↓VEGF and MMP

Breast cancer

4T1 breast cancer cells

[113]

Osthole

↓MMP-9 and vimentin

Liver cancer

Human liver cancer HepG2 cells

[114]

Osthole

↓M0-M2↓MRC1, CCL22 and TGF-β↓p-STAT6 and the p-ERK1/2-C/EBP b axis

Pancreatic cancer

C57BL/6 mice model

[114]

Matrine

↑IFN-γ/TNF-αand IL-p70

Human gastric carcinoma

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)

[115]

β-Glycyrrhetinic acid

↓I-κBα和NF-κB↓TNF-α

–

RAW 264.7 cell

[116]

Baicalin

↓MMP- 2 and MMP- 9↑TIMP- 2↓TLR4, p- IκBα, and NF- κB p65↓TLR4/NF- κB signaling pathway

Colorectal cancer (CRC)

Subcutaneous xenograft tumour mouse model of CT26 cells

[117]

Curcumin

↓MDSCs↓TLR4/NF κB signaling pathway↓IL 6, IL 1β, prostaglandin E2 and COXe 2

Liver cancer

HepG2 xenograft model

[118]

Curcumin

↓NF-κB↑TRAIL receptors↑peripheral mononuclear neutrophils

Bladder cancer

MBT-2 murine tumour models

[119]

Tanshinone IIA, xanthohumol, and curcumin

↓PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, BCL6, VEGF

Glioma

–

[120]

Matrine

↓PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Lung cancer

A549 and 95D lung cancer cells

[121]

Chinese herbal formula

Empirical formula for clearing heat and detoxification

↓TAMs

Endometrial cancer

Xenograft tumor of endometrial carcinoma

[79]

Taohong Siwu decoction

↓EMT

Breast cancer

HER-2+ breast cancer

[122]

Eight-treasure decoction

↓hs-CRP, ↓IL-6, IL-8

Breast cancer

–

[123]

Huatan Tongyu Jiedu recipe

↓Micro-vessel density and ↓VEGF

–

Mice bearing S180 transplanted tumor

[124]

Huatan Xiaoliu decoction

↓VEGF, ↑nm23 mRNA

Lung cancer

Lewis tumor-bearing mice

[77]

Xiaotan Sanjie decoction

↑RUNX3↓NF-κB p65

Gastric cancer

Human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901-bearing nude mice

[125]

Huayu Jiedu Tongluo recipe

↓COX-2↑PGI, G-17; ↓IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α

Stomach cancer

Stomach-collateral stasis-toxin type gastric precancerous lesion

[126]

Yiqi Huayu Jiedu prescription

↓HIF-1α, VM

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Human hepatocellular carcinoma sorafenib resistant cells in nude mice

[127]

Modified Huangqi Jianzhong decoction

↓CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway

Lung cancer

Mice bearing Lewis lung cancer with syndrome of spleen qi deficiency

[78]

Shanxian granule

↓VEGF, MVD

Liver cancer

Liver cancer of qi-deficiency and blood-stasis

[128]