Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of the mechanism of ferroptosis. Transferrin, transferrin receptor 1, and other iron metabolism-related proteins regulate ferroptosis by affecting the labile iron pool (LIP). p53 positively controls ferroptosis by inhibiting System-Xc and activating spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1) and ALOX1, negatively regulating ferroptosis by controlling p21 and blocking dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4). System-Xc influences the synthesis of GSH, which interacts with GPX4 to protect cells from lipid peroxidation damage and ferroptosis. ACSL4 and LPCAT3 are involved in the synthesis of PUFA-CoA into PUFA-PLs, which can cause ferroptosis when oxidized to PL-PUFA-OOH. Mitochondrial respiration and its associated products also induce ferroptosis by lipid peroxidation