Fig. 3

Pharmacological effects of Osteoking on the levels of histopathological and bone metabolism-related biochemical indicators. A Histopathological observations of different groups with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining after 21 days of Osteoking treatment. Original magnifications, ×100 and ×400; scale bars, 200 μm and 50 μm. B Histopathological score of different groups were assessed based on the changes observed in HE staining. C Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP, ng/mL). D Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP, ng/mL). E Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2, ng/mL). F Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β, pg/mL). G Serum calcium (Ca; µmol/dL). H Serum phosphorus (P; mmol/L). Bars show mean ± SD; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 and ^###P < 0.001 indicate the statistical significance compared to the normal control group, respectively; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 indicate the statistical significance compared to the model group, respectively