Fig. 2

Hydrolysis reaction of saponins, iridoid glycosides, polysaccharides/oligosaccharide during processing. A Glycyrrhizic acid is hydrolyzed into glycyrrhetinic acid; B timosaponin BII is hydrolyzed into timosaponin AIII; C ginsenoside Rd undergoes deglycosylation at the C20 position to yield ginsenoside Rg3, which further hydrolyzes into generate Rh3; D monoglycosides iridoid glycosides catalpol is hydrolysed; E specnuezhenide is hydrolyzed into salidroside; F geniposide is hydrolyzed into genipin; G APS3a undergoes a hydrolysis reaction, converting the 1,4-β-Galpa and 1,6-α-GlcpA aldehyde acid residues into HAPS3a; H stachyose is hydrolyzed into two molecules of galactose, one molecule of fructose, and one molecule of glucose