Table 1 The traditional Chinese Medicine Formulas for Treatment of NAFLD

Removing dampness and turbidity

Fu Fang Zhen Zhu Formula

STZ injection combined with HFD- induced T2DM with NASH in mice

Activating the AMPK signaling pathway

[139]

Fu Fang Zhen Zhu Formula

HFD-induced NASH

in mice

Inhibiting gut inflammation, improving intestinal barrier function, and modulating intestinal microbiota composition

[140]

Liver-soothing and spleen-invigorating

Linggui Zhugan Decoction

HFD-induced NAFLD in rats

Reducing the m6A methylation levels of suppressor of SOCS2

[142]

Linggui Zhugan Decoction

Patients with NAFLD

Increasing DNA N6-methyladenine modification of PPP1R3A and ATG3

[143]

Linggui Zhugan Decoction

HFD-induced NAFLD in mice

Inhibiting the STING signaling pathway

[144]

Danshao Shugan Granules

Patients with NAFLD and HFD-induced NASH in rats

Increasing activity of superoxide dismutase and reducing NF‑κB activity

[145]

Chaihu Shugan Powder

HFD-induced NAFLD in rats

Regulating miRNAs related to fatty acids metabolic process, such as miR-34a-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-20b-5p and miR-142-3p

[146]

Qinlian Hongqu Decoction

HFD-induced NAFLD in rats

Inhibiting the IRE1-α/IKKB-β/NF-κB signaling pathway

[147]

Clearing heat and removing dampness

Yinchen Wuling Powder

HFD-induced NAFLD in rats

Increasing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria to reduce ammonia production and promote ammonia degradation

[148]

Gegen Qinlian Decoction

HFD-induced NASH in rats

Inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway

[149]

Huangqin Decoction

HFD-induced NAFLD in rats

Blocking the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway

[150]

Zexie-Baizhu Decoction

HFD-induced NAFLD in mice

Impeding lipogenesis including the SIRT1 and AMPK and promoting fatty acid oxidation

[151]

Danshen Zexie Decoction

HFD-induced NAFLD in rats

Suppressing the ROS/NLRP3/IL-1β signaling pathway by activation of NRF2

[152]

Qige Decoction

HFD-induced NAFLD in rats

Reducing hepatic insulin resistance and triglyceride biosynthesis via the PPP1R3C/SIK1/CRTC2/SREBP1 signal axis

[153]

Si Miao Formula

HFHS-induced NAFLD in mice

Modulating the gut microbiota composition and increasing the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila

[154]

Removing blood stasis and dispersing knots

Gexia Zhuyu Decoction

HFD-induced NAFLD in mice

Increasing miRNA-24 expression to decrease TRPM4

[155]

Er Chen Decoction

HFD-induced NAFLD in rats

Regulating the gut microbiota and serum metabolism to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation

[156]

Qushi Huayu Decoction

HFD-induced NAFLD in rats

Downregulating intestinal MAPK pathway

[157]

Qushi Huayu Decoction

HFD-induced NAFLD in rats

Regulating the gut microbiota to intervene in serum lipids

[158]

Tianhuang Formula

HFD-induced NAFLD in mice

Reducing oxidative stress by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and its metabolite 5-MIAA to activate the NRF2

[159]

Sanhuang Tang

HFD-induced NAFLD in mice

Activating INSR/IRS1/AKT/FoxO1 pathway

[160]

Tonifying spleen and kidney

Yiqi BuShen Tiaozhi Formula

HFD-induced NASH in mice

Regulating the expression of miRNAs, such as Mmu-let-7a-5p, mmu-let-7b-5p, mmu-let-7g-3p and mmu-miR-106b-3

[161]

Yinchen Linggui Zhugan Decoction

HFD-induced NAFLD in rats

Inhibiting TNF signaling pathway

[162]

Sini San

HFD-induced MAFLD in mice

Reducing YAP1 expression and lipid droplet accumulation

[163]

Spleen-strengthening and liver-draining herbal Formula

NAFLD with patients

Regulating the disturbance of intestinal flora, especially Coprococcus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 group, and Ruminococcus genus

[164]