Fig. 3
From: Natural products in osteoarthritis treatment: bridging basic research to clinical applications
The main signaling pathways in catabolism and anabolism of cartilage affected by different types of NPs. The regulation of anabolic and catabolic genes in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes by NPs involved multiple signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K/AKT, SIRT1, and NF-κB. By affecting the above signaling pathways, NPs promote the up-regulation of anabolic substances such as aggrecan, Col II, ACAN and SOX9, and inhibit the production of catabolic substances such as ADAMTS and MMPs