Fig. 5
From: Natural products in osteoarthritis treatment: bridging basic research to clinical applications
Potential new application strategies of NPs for the OA treatment. A Exosomes derived from MSCs treated with NPs hold significant potential for the treatment of OA. B Exosomes, membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cells, serve as extracellular vehicles. Utilizing exosomes as delivery vectors for NPs or exosome-loading method harnesses the potential of exosomes to transport NPs and presents a potentially viable therapeutic model for the management of OA. C Structural modification of NPs enables the development of novel drugs with enhanced efficacy. During the treatment of OA, the therapeutic potential of NPs can be improved through structural modifications. D Hybrid nanospheres possess outstanding pH/thermal sensitivity, superior drug release profiles, and excellent biocompatibility. NPs based on nanomaterials hold great promise for enhancing efficacy for OA treatment