Natural products in osteoarthritis treatment: bridging basic research to clinical applications

Fang, Shunzheng; Zhang, Bin; Xiang, Wei; Zheng, Liujie; Wang, Xiaodong; Li, Song; Zhang, Tongyi; Feng, Daibo; Gong, Yunquan; Wu, Jinhui; Yuan, Jing; Wu, Yaran; Zhu, Yizhen; Liu, Enli; Ni, Zhenhong

doi:10.1186/s13020-024-00899-w

Chinese Medicine

Table 1 Effects of NPs on animal OA models

From: Natural products in osteoarthritis treatment: bridging basic research to clinical applications

List	Compound	Source	Route of administration	Animal model	Biological effect	Mechanism	References
1	Chlorogenic acid	Coffee and beans	Intra-articular injection	Rabbit OA model induced by ACLT	Cartilage degradation↓	Cartilage catabolic genes: MMP-13, MMP-1, and MMP-3↓, TIMP-1↑ Signal transduction pathway: NF-κB↓	[102]
2	Detoxicated Fuzi	Aconitum carmichaeli	Oral administration	Rat OA model induced by MIA	Osteolysis↓ Swelling↓ Irregularity of cartilage surface↓ Bone mineral density↑	–	[149]
3	EU aqueous extract	EU	Gavage	Rat OA model induced by modified Hulth technique	Osteophyte↓ Incomplete and thickening articular surface↓	Inflammatory factors: IL-1β and IL-6↓ Cartilage catabolic gene: MMP-3↓ Signal transduction pathway: p-AKT↓	[150]
4	Ginsenoside Rb1	Chinese herb Panax ginseng	Intra-articular injection	Rat OA model induced by ACLT(ROMIBA)	Cartilage damage↓	Signal transduction pathways: JAG1 and Notch1↓ Cartilage catabolic gene: MMP-13↓ Cartilage anabolic gene: collagen II↑	[142]
5	Pomegranate Fruit Extract	Punicagranatum L, Punicaceae	Oral consumption	Rabbit OA model induced by ACLT	Cartilage damage↓	Cartilage catabolic genes: MMP-3, MMP-9↓ Inflammatory factor: PGE 2 ↓ Cartilage anabolic genes: ACAN, COL2A1↓ Apoptosis related factor: caspase-3↓ Signal transduction pathway: PARP p85↓	[151]
6	Ginsenoside Rg1	Ginseng	Gavage	ROMIBA	Cartilage erosion↓ Abrasion of the articular surface↓	Inflammatory factors: COX-2, PGE 2↓ Cartilage catabolic gene: MMP-13↓ Cartilage anabolic genes: type II collagen, aggrecan↑	[144]
7	Fisetin	Mangoes, grapes, apples	Gavage	Mouse OA model induced by DMM(MOMIBD)	Subchondral bone plate↓ Synovitis↓	Cartilage anabolic gene: proteoglycan↑	[88]
8	Salvianolic acid B	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	Intraperitoneal-injection	MOMIBD	Cartilage matrix degradation↓ Destruction of articular cartilage↓ Cartilage degradation↓	–	[40]
9	Cryptotanshinone	Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge	Gavage	Mouse OA model	Destruction of the cartilage surface Cartilage erosion↓ Proteoglycan loss↓	Cartilage anabolic gene: proteoglycan↑	[51]
10	α-Mangostin	Garcinia mangostana-L.	Intraperitoneal injection	Rat OA model induced by DMM	Decrease of chondrocyte↓ Articular cartilage thickness↑	–	[46]
11	Piceatannol	Euphorbia lagascae	Gavage	MOMIBD	Destruction of cartilage surface↓ Cartilage calcification↓ Osteophyte↓ Synovitis↓	–	[50]
12	Extract of Anthriscus sylvestris leaves	Anthriscus sylvestris	Oral admin-Istration	Rat model of OA induced by DMM	Proteoglycan depletion↓ Destruction of cartilage surface↓ Cartilage erosion↓	Cartilage anabolic gene: proteoglycan↑	[104]
13	Emodin	Rheum palmatum L.	Intra-articular injection	ROMIBA	Cartilage erosion↓	–	[103]
14	Polydatin	Polygonum cuspidatum/	Intraperitoneal injection	MOMIBD	Synovial inflammation↓ Narrowing of joint space↓ Osteophyte↓ Cartilage erosion↓ Loss of high protein polysaccharide↓	–	[35]
15	Panax quinquefolium saponin	Radix panacis quinquefolii	Gavage	Rat OA model induced by ACLT combined with medial meniscal resection on the right knee joint	Destruction of articular cartilage↓	Apoptosis related factors: CHOP, caspase-3↓	[30]
16	Aucubin	Leaves of Aucuba japonica	Gavage	MOMIBD	Loss of proteoglycan↓ Hyaline cartilage thickness↑ Chondrocyte hypertrophy↓	–	[147]
17	Myricetin	Vegetables, tea	Gavage	MOMIBD	ECM of cartilage↑	Signal transduction pathways: p-AKT, Nrf2↑. NF-κB↓	[48]
18	Sinomenine	Sinomenium acutum	Intraperitoneal injections	MOMIBD	Articular cartilage thickness↑	–	[27]
19	Icariin	Epimedium	Intra-articular injection	Rat OA model induced by MIA	Cartilage erosion↓	Inflammatory factors: NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18↓ Cartilage catabolic genes: MMP-1, MMP-13↓ Cartilage anabolic gene: collagen II↑	[196]
20	Sinapic acid	Spices, fruits, vegetables	Gavage	MOMIBD	Destruction of cartilage↓ Cartilage erosion↓ Loss of proteoglycan↓	Cartilage anabolic gene: collagen II↑ Cartilage catabolic gene: MMP-13↓ Signal transduction pathway: Nrf2↑	[26]
21	Peiminine	Fritillaria thunbergii	Intraperitoneal injection	MOMIBD	Osteophytes↓ Formation of calcified cartilage surfaces↓ Synovitis↓ Cartilage erosion↓	Signal transduction pathway: Nrf2↑	[52]
22	Quercetin	Fruits and vegetables	Intraperitoneal injection	MOMIBD	Cartilage degeneration↓ Chondrocyte apoptosis↓	level of oxidative stress biomarker:8-OHdG↓ Apoptosis related factor: caspase3↓	[138]
23	Loganin	Corni Fructus	Intra-articular injection	MOMIBD	Cartilage erosion↓ Loss of proteoglycan↓ Articular cartilage thickness↑ Osteophyte↓ Formation and calcified cartilage↓	Cartilage catabolic genes: MMP-3, MMP-13↓ Cartilage anabolic genes: Col10↓, Col2↑ Cell pyroptosis associated factor: caspase-1↓ Signal transduction pathway: NF-κB↓	[111]
24	Asiatic acid	Centella asiatica	Intra-articular injection	ROMIBA	Cartilage erosion↓ Loss of proteoglycan↓ Osteophyte↓	Chondrocyte hypertrophic markers: COL-X, MMP-13, Runx2↓ Chondrocyte fibrosis markers: COL-1, α-SMA↓ Signal transduction pathways: AMPK↑, PI3K, AKT↓	[143]
25	Morusin	Morus australis	Gavage	MOMIBD	Cartilage erosion↓ Destruction of cartilage↓	–	[141]
26	Salidroside	Rhodiola rosea	Oral administration	ROMIBA	Chondrocyte proliferation↑	Cartilage anabolic genes: Collagen II, Aggrecan↑ Cartilage catabolic gene: MMP-13↓ Signal transduction pathways: IκB-α, NF-κB↓	[109]
27	Astilbin	Astilbe chinensis	Gavage	Rat OA model	Destruction of cartilage↓ Cartilage layer↑ Loss of proteoglycan↓	Inflammatory factors: TNF-α, IL-6↓ Signal transduction pathways: AKT, PI3K↓	[74]
28	Moracin	Cortex Mori	Gavage	ROMIBA	Cartilage erosion↓ Destruction of cartilage	Cartilage anabolic genes: Collagen II↑ Signal transduction pathway: Nrf2↑	[45]
29	Myricitrin	Myrica rubra	Gavage	MOMIBD	Loss of proteoglycan↓ Cartilage erosion↓ Osteophytes↓	–	[49]
30	Morroniside	Cornus officinalis	Gavage	MOMIBD	Degeneration articular cartilage↓ Osteophyte↓	Inflammatory factors: Cox-2↓ Cartilage catabolic genes: MMP-3, MMP-13↓	[148]
31	Glycyrrhizin	Licorice root	Intra-articular injection	Rat OA model stimulated by ACLT and MMx	Joint edema↓	Inflammatory factors: IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, PGE2↓ Cartilage catabolic genes: MMP-1, MMP-3, ADAMTS-5↓ Cartilage anabolic genes: aggrecan, Col2A1, Sox9↑, CTX-II↓ Signal transduction pathways: HMGB1, TLR4, p65, NF-κB↓	[43]
32	Baicalein	Scutellaria baicalensis	Intra-articular injection	RAT OA model stimulated by DMM	Sclerosis of subchondral bone↓ Synovial cells proliferation↓	Osteogenic marker genes: Alp, Runx2, OCN↓ Apoptosis related factors: caspase-3, Bax↑, Bcl-2↓	[139]
33	Quercetin	Fruits and vegetables	Intraperitoneal injection	ROMIBA	Degeneration and erosion of articular cartilage↓	Inflammatory factors:IL-18, NLRP3, TNF-α↓ Signal transduction pathway: IRAK1↓ Apoptosis related factor: caspase-3↓	[90]
34	Danshensu	Salvia miltiorrhiza	Intraperitoneal injection	MOMIBD	Destruction of cartilage surface↓ Cartilage erosion↓	–	[39]
35	Hyperoside	Hypericum	Intraperitoneal injection	MOMIBD	Loss of proteoglycan↓ Destruction of cartilage surface↓ Cartilage erosion↓	–	[110]
36	Curcumin	Curcuma longa	Intra-articular injection	Rat OA model stimulated by DMM	Synovial inflammation↓ Osteophyte↓ Subchondral bone plate thickening↓	Inflammatory factors: IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α↓ Cartilage anabolic gene: type II collagen↑	[140]
37		Curcuma longa	Oral administration	MOMIBD	Chondrocyte proliferation↑	Signal transduction pathways: NF-κB, HIF-2α↓	[146]
38		Turmeric	Oral administration	MOMIBD	Loss of proteoglycan↓ Cartilage erosion↓ Synovitis↓ Subchondral plate thickness↓	Cartilage catabolic genes: MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5↓ Pro-inflammatory mediators: adipokines adipsin, leptin, adiponectin↑ Cartilage anabolic genes: type II collagen↑	[145]
39		Turmeric	Intraperitoneal injection	ROMIBA	Loss of chondrocytes↓ Loss of proteoglycan↓	Apoptosis related factors: CHOP, caspase-3↓ Cartilage anabolic genes: proteoglycan↑	[197]
40		Curcuma longa	Intra-articular injection	Rat OA model stimulated by ACLT and MMx	Synovial inflammation↓ Articular cartilage thickness↑ Chondrocyte apoptosis↓	Cartilage anabolic genes: collagen 2a1↑ Cartilage catabolic genes: MMP-3↓ Apoptosis related factors: cleaved caspase-3↓ Signal transduction pathways: VEGF, RUNX2, Hif-2α↓	[105]

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ISSN: 1749-8546

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