Table 2 Clinical trials of NPs in the treatment of OA
From: Natural products in osteoarthritis treatment: bridging basic research to clinical applications
List | Compound | Source | OA-affected joint | Route of administration | Number | The research methods | Clinical effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Chicory root extract | Chicory root | Hip and knee | Oral administration | 40 patients | Phase1, placebo-controlled, double blind, dose-escalating study | Improvement in hip or knee function, stiffness, pain and other symptoms | [162] |
2 | GLM | Perna canaliculus | Knee | Oral administration | 21 patients | An open label, single group allocation study | Knee pain, stiffness, and mobility improved significantly | [163] |
3 | Sphaeralcea angustifolia extract | Sphaeralcea angustifolia Cavanilles&Don | Hand | Topical administration of a gel | 130 patients | A double-blind, randomized study controlled | Hand joint pain, inflammation, joint stiffness and motor function improved | [164] |
4 | HT-20 | Olive leaves | Knee | Oral administration | 25 patients | A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial | The painful symptoms of the knee were relieved | [166] |
5 | Artrim | Artemisia Annua | Hip and knee | Oral administration | 42 patients | A pilot randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial | The pain in the hip and knee OA was significantly improved | [169] |
6 | BioLex® -GLM extract | Perna canaliculus | Hip and knee | Oral administration | 80 patients | A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial | The hip and knee pain was not relieved. The joint stiffness was reduced. The dose of acetaminophen used in OA patients could be reduced | [170] |
7 | Colchicine | Colchicum autumnale | Knee | Oral administration | 109 patients | A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial | The markers of high bone turnover and inflammation in the knee OA were reduced. Symptoms were not reduced | [171] |
8 | Deer bone extract | Deer bone | Knee | Oral administration | 50 patients | A randomized, double-Blind, placebo-controlled trial | The pain and stiffness in the OA of the knee were relieved. Joint function was improved | [168] |
9 | Green tea extract | Green tea | Knee | Oral administration | 50 patients | A randomized open-label active-controlled clinical trial | Pain and stiffness of knee OA was relieved Joint function was improved | [172] |
10 | Cucumis sativus extract | Cucumber | Knee | Oral administration | 122 patients | A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial | Effective relief of pain, stiffness and function in knee OA | [165] |
11 | GCWB106 | Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum | Knee | Oral administration | 121 patients | A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study | The OA pain in the knee was reduced. Knee function improved | [177] |
12 | NR-INF-02 | Rhizome of Curcuma longa | Knee | Oral administration | 120 patients | A randomized, single blind, placebo-controlled trial | Knee pain was reduced | [159] |
13 | Curcuminoid | Curcuma longa | Knee | Oral administration | 53 patients | A pilot randomized double-blind placebo-control parallel-group clinical trial | Arthritis pain in the knee was significantly reduced. Knee function improved | [156] |
14 | Curcumin | Curcuma longa | Knee | Oral administration | 160 patients | A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | Knee function, stiffness, and pain improved significantly | [155] |
15 | Curcuminoid | Curcuma longa | Knee | Oral administration | 797 patients | A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials | Mild improvement of knee pain and function | [157] |
16 | Bio-optimized Curcuma longa extract | Curcuma longa | Knee | Oral administration | 150 patients | A prospective, randomized, 3-month, double-blind, multicenter, three-group, placebo-controlled trial | The OA pain in the knee was reduced | [158] |
17 | Curcuma longa extract | Curcuma longa | Knee | Oral administration | 797 patients | A 12-week, single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial | Symptoms of pain in the knee improved | [160] |
18 | Curcuma longa extract | Curcuma longa | Knee | Oral administration | 1810 patients | A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials | Knee pain was significantly reduced Joint function was improved | [161] |