Table 1 Clinical efficacies of integrated TCM and WM for AD treatment
No. | Intervention | Method | Object (T/C) | Disease | Clinical manifestation | Laboratory finding | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Di-tan decoction | Randomized controlled trial (RCT) | 20/20 | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) | Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale cognitive part (ADAS-Cog) | Liver function and renal function | [52] |
2 | Acupuncture(Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Zhongwan (CV 12), Wailing (ST 26), Xiawan (CV 10), Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4)) combined with medication(oxiracetam capsules) | RCT | 60/60 | Vascular dementia (VD) after cerebral infarction | MMSE,ADAS-Cog, clock drawing test (CDT), Barthel index were observed, blood flow velocity of middle cerebral artery (MCA) | Unreported | [65] |
3 | Abdominal acupoint thread embedding therapy at Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan (CV 10), Huaroumen (ST 24), Wailing (ST 26), Daheng (SP 15) | RCT | 30/30 | AD | MMSE,ADAS-Cog,activity of daily living scale (ADL), neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire (NPI) | Serum levels of APP and Aβ1-42 | [210] |
4 | Acupuncture Baihui (GV 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Xuehai (SP 10) and Geshu (BL 17) | Before and after | 20/0 | AD | ADAS-Cog and 8-IPF2alpha concentration in cerebrospinal fluid | Blood and urine before and after treatment were detected by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay | [63] |
5 | CMG VS. WMG | RCT | 66/65 | AD | MMSE, Fuld Object-Memory Evaluation (FOM), Block Design (BD) and Digit Span (DS) | Unreported | [211] |
6 | Acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Dazhui (GV 14), Guanyuan (CV 4) + Yizhi Jiannao Granules | Before and after | 84/0 | AD | MMSE,ADL | Unreported | [66] |
7 | Tiaoxin Recipe (TXR),Bushen Recipe (BSR) | Before and after | 60/0 | AD | MMSE,ADL | Unreported | [54] |
8 | Tiaoxin Recipe (TXR),Bushen Recipe (BSR) | RCT | 60/60 | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Neuropsychological and N-back | Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) | [53] |
9 | Acupuncture RN17(danzhong), RN12(zhongwan), RN6(qihai), ST36(zusanli), SJ5(waiguan) and SP10(xuehai) | RCT | 79/0 | AD | ADAS-cog,Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change-Plus (CIBIC-Plus),Alzheimer’s disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Scales (ADAS-ADL23) and Neuropsychiatric Index (NPI) | Unreported | [64] |
10 | Jiannao Yizhi Formula | Clinical observasion | 30/30 | AD | ADAS-Cog and Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (CM-SS), MMSE, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and ADL | Serum levels of acetylcholine (Ach), amyloid-β protein 42 (Aβ42), and the microtubule-associated protein tau (Tau) | [55] |
11 | Fuzhisan | RCT | 22/10 | AD | ADAS-Cog, NPI | Regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose consumption (rCMRglc) | [57] |
12 | Shenfu injection,shenmai injection | RCT | 33/33 | AD | ADAS-Cog, ADL | Unreported | [58] |
13 | sage, rosemary and melissa (Salvia officinalis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.; SRM) | RCT | 23/22 | AD | memory in normal healthy subjects | Unreported | [212] |
14 | Huannao Yicong Formula | RCT | 60/0 | AD | ADAS-Cog,CM-SS,MoCA,MMSE | Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and amyloid-β protein 42 (Aβ42) | [56] |
15 | Bushenhuatanyizhi, BHY instant granules | RCT | 60/0 | AD | MMSE,ADL | Superoxide dismutase,lipid peroxide and triglyceride levels | [213] |
16 | Shenfu injection,shenmai injection | RCT | 174/174 | Cognitive impairment (CI) | MMSE,MoCA, Chinese medicine (CM),ADAS-Cog,Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Total Score, ADL,CM-SS | Serum acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase, bax, bcl-2,full blood count, kidney and liver function tests, routine urine test and routine stool test | [214] |
17 | Tianzhi granule | RCT | 483/60 | Vascular dementia (VaD) | CIBIC-plus | Unreported | [215] |