Fig. 2

The Bufei Yishen formula ameliorates CSE-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and protease expression in rats with COPD. BYF (11.6 g/kg) and doxophylline (Doxo: 36 mg/kg) were administered to COPD rats for 9–16 weeks. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, SOD2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in lung tissue (ession k their integral optical density (IOD). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, versus the control group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, versus the model group