Fig. 6

TCG promoted chondrocyte survival through upregulating HIF1α and promoting glycolysis. A–D PMCs were treated with or without 10 µM TCG for 24 h, and the ECAR (A) was measured using Seahorse assay to quantify glycolytic capacity (B) and glycolytic reserve (C); the lactate level in the cell culture medium was also measured (D). E–H PMCs were co-treated with 10 µM TCG and 16 mM 2-DG or 10 µM LW6 for 24 h under hypoxic. EdU staining was performed to assess cell proliferation rate (E–F) (Scale bar = 100 µm), and flow cytometry was conducted to detect cell apoptosis rate (G, H). Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001