Fig. 6

Metabolic profiling and correlation with hepatic biochemical indices in response to treatment. A OPLS-DA score plots illustrating the metabolic differences between the control (green), vehicle (blue), and GBP (orange) groups in negative and positive ionization modes. B A volcano plot showing metabolites exhibiting significant intergroup differences, with the size reflecting the magnitude of change and the color denoting P-value indicating statistical significance. C A heatmap representing z-score normalized metabolite intensities in the different groups and their correlation with hepatic biochemistry parameters (ALT, AST, AKP, TG, and TC). The sample size of each group was 8. The blue squares indicate a significant positive correlation, and the red squares indicate a significant negative correlation (P < 0.05)