Table 1 The application of Chinmedomics in the diagnosis of syndromes/diseases
Syndromes/diseases | Diseases/syndromes biomarkers | Metabolic pathways | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Jaundice syndrome (JS) | dimethyl guan (purine) glycoside, indole glutamine, corticosterone tetrol-3-glucosidic acid, pregnanediol-3-glucosidic acid, etc | Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies were found to be disturbed | [56] |
Liver-depression and spleen-deficiency syndrome (LSS) | prolylhydroxyproline, L-homocystine, 2-octenoylcarnitine and α-N-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine, etc | Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, ascorbate, aldarate, cysteine, methionine, tyrosine, tryptophan, amino sugar, and nucleotide sugar metabolism | [57] |
Alzheimer's disease (AD) | Acetoacetyl-CoA, 21-Deoxycortisol, 9(10)-EpOME, 3α-Hydroxy-5β-androstan-17-one, PGF2α, etc | Linoleic acid metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism, Butanoate metabolism, Sphingolipid metabolism, Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, Steroid biosynthesis have the largest impact pathways | [58] |
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) | L-Methionine, N-Methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, N-acetylphosphinothricin, N-(Acetyloxy) benzenamine, 3-Indole carboxylic acid glucuronide, etc | The detailed construction of the perturbed pathways of pentose and glucuronate interconversions, starch and sucrose metabolism, cysteine, and methionine metabolism with a higher score | [59] |
Colorectal cancer (CRC) | Acetyl-L-carnitine, Linoleic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, 15(S)-HETE, 6-deoxocastasterone, etc | Linoleic acid metabolism, Retinol metabolism, Propanoate metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism, Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and purine metabolism | [60] |
Endometriosis of cold coagulation and blood stasis (ECB) | 3,4-Dihydroxymandelaldehyde, Kynurenic acid, Citric acid, L-Tyrosine, L-Leucine, etc | Phenylalanine, Tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, Valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate Metabolism, Tyrosine metabolism, etc | [61] |
Coronary heart disease (CHD) | 33 lipid molecular species involving 6 fatty acids, 21 glycerophospholipids and 6 sphingolipids have significant differences in the serum | Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Sphingolipid metabolism and fatty acids metabolism | |
Spleen qi deficiency syndrome (SQDS) | 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, L-Canaline, Bergaptol, Taurocholic acid, etc | 13 metabolic pathways including arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, etc | [64] |
Yang Huang syndrome (YHS) | Pyridoxal, Hydroxyphenyl acetylglycine, 7,8-dihydropteroic acid, 1,2-benzoquinone, 5-methoxytryptophan, etc | 22 metabolic pathways involving tyrosine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, etc | [65] |
Hyperthyroidism | Cholic acid, Hyocholic acid, Linoleic acid, Linoelaidic acid, SphingosineCoprostanol, etc | Lipid metabolism, Fatty acid metabolism, Amino acid metabolism, Nucleotide metabolism, etc | [66] |
Blood stasis syndrome | Sumiki’s acid, Imidazole-4-acet-aldehyde, Gamma-delta-Di-oxovaleric acid, Glutaconic acid, Oxoadipic acid, etc | Tyrosine metabolism, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Phenylalanine metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism, etc | [67] |