Fig. 1

DSD alleviated OIPN and the inflammatory response. A Protocols of drug administration and mechanical allodynia test, in the rat OIPN model. B Body weight measurements. C Measurement of withdrawal threshold for mechanical allodynia (von Frey test). D Representative images of Nissl-stained DRG sections (63 ×). Lightly stained cytoplasm and shrunken nucleoli (red arrow) were analyzed. Histograms showed nucleolar area. E ELISA-based detection of LPS, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum and DRG extracts. F Analysis of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA levels in DRG by qPCR. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, vs. OXA group; n = 11 in the CON group; n = 10 in the OXA and DSDOXA groups, n = 9 in the ABXOXA group