Scientific name | Local name | Family | Part exported | Traditional use | Price/kg | Commercial status/exported to | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia nilotica | Kikar | Apocynaceae | Flowers | Asthma | 40 | Increased | [214] |
Achyranthes aspera Linn. | Puthkanda | Amaranthaceae | Rhizome/fruit | Pneumonia and asthma | – | Increased | [55] |
Aconitum chasmanthum | Baroboma | Ranunculaceae | Roots | Cough, and asthma | 25 | Increased | [215] |
Aconitum heterophyllum | Shaowboma | Ranunculaceae | Roots | Cough, asthma | 400 | Increased | |
Aconitum violaceum | Bezhumolo | Ranunculaceae | Rhizome | Asthma, cough | 250 | Persistent | |
Adhatoda vasica | Bansa | Capparidaceae | Leaves | Cough, bronchitis, asthma | 5 | Persistent | [215] |
Adiantum capillus-veneris | Hansraal | Liliaceae | Whole plant | Coughs, bronchitis | 250 | Increased/Germany, Scotland, Iran and India | |
Adiantum incisum Forssk | Pershoofa | Liliaceae | Fronds | Cough and cold | – | Increased/Germany, Scotland, Iran and India | [55] |
Adiantum venustum | Sumbal | Liliaceae | Whole plant | Cough | 5 | Increased | [82] |
Allium sativum | Thoom | Euphorbiaceae | Bulbs/leaves | Respiratory tract infection | Â | Increased | [55] |
Ammi visnaga | Chalveray | Amaranthaceae | Fruit | Bronchial asthma, breathing problems | 40 | Increased | [82] |
Artemisia vulgaris | Baniru | Asclepiadaceae | Leaves/shoot, root | Asthma | 12 | Increased | |
Atropa acuminataroyle | Lubbhar | Ranunculaceae | Whole plant | Cold, flu | 12 | Increased | [215] |
Berberis lyceum | Kashmal | Papilionaceae | Wood roots | Cough | 25 | Increased | |
Bergenia ciliate | Shaphus | Apiaceae | Leaves, rhizome, roots | Coughs and colds, asthma | 300 | Increased/China | [55] |
Bistorta amplexicaulis | Saag | Polygonaceae | Rhizome | Flu | 300 | Persistent/Europe and India | |
Bunium persicum | Zeera | Apiaceae | Fruit | Cold, cough | 1000 | Increased | |
Calotropis procera | Akk | Asclepiadaceae | Roots, flowers | Cough | 1000 | Increased | [214] |
Cannabis sativa | Bung | Cannabiaceae | Whole plant | Cough | 10 | Increased | [70] |
Capsicum annum | Subzmirch | Asteraceae | Fruits | Bronchitis | – | Increased | [55] |
Carum carvi | Sounjmik | Asteraceae | Seeds | Bronchitis, cough | 160–180 | Increased | [134] |
Carum copticum | Ajwaindesi | Violaceae | Seed | Whooping, cough | 15 | Increased | [215] |
Cassia fistula | Amaltas | Moraceae | Poods | Cough and flue | 15 | Increased | [215] |
Cicer arietinum | Cholay | Myrtaceae | Fruit | Flu | 40 | Increased | [214] |
Cichorium intybus | Qarali | Asteraceae | Leaves | Asthma and breathing problems | 13 | Increased | |
Citrullus colocynthis | Bitter apple | Cucurbitaceae | Fruit | Bronchial asthma | 50 | Increased | |
Colchicum luteum | Suranjaan-e-talkh | Colchicaceae | Coms | Bronchial diseases | 500 | Increased/Germany, South Africa, France and Bulgaria | |
Coriandrum sativum | Dhaniya | Brassicaceae | Leaves/fruit | Respiratory tract infection | 25 | Increased | |
Diospyros lotus | Amlok | Punicaceae | Fruits/leaves | Cough | 300 | Increased | [40] |
Ephedra gerardiana | Soom | Ephedraceae | Fruit/leaves | Asthma/breathing problem | – | Increased | [55] |
Ephedra intermedia | Somani | Ephedraceae | Bark/leaves | Asthma and tuberculosis | 8 | Increased | [82] |
Eucalyptus globulus | Safaida | Moraceae | Bark/leaves | Flue | 110 | Increased | [214] |
Foeniculum vulgare | Sonf | Papilionaceae | Leaves/seeds | Cough, pneumonia | 20 | Increased | |
Fumaria indica | Pithpapadah | Fumariaceae | Shoot | Cough | – | Increased | [55] |
Hyoscyamus niger | Khoobkalan | Zygophyllaceae | Seeds | Asthma, whooping cough | 20 | Increased | [215] |
Juglans regia | Akhrot | Euphorbiaceae | Bark/fruit | Asthma | 30 | Increased | |
Mentha longifolia | Jangli Podina | Labiateae | Whole plant | Cough | – | Increased | [55] |
Origanum vulgare | Ganeyar | Violaceae | Root | Colds, flu, asthma | 7 | Increased | [82] |
Peganum harmala | Harmal | Solanaceae | Seeds, leaves | Asthma | 50 | Increased | [214] |
Pistacia integerrima | Kangar | Rosaceae | Leaves | Cough, asthma | – | Increased | [55] |
Plantago lanceolata | Smanharswa | Plantaginaceae | Leaves/seeds | Cough and chest diseases | – | Increased | [55] |
Punica granatum | Anar | Punicaceae | Fruit/bark/leaves | Cough | – | Increased | [55] |
Portulaca oleracea | – | Asteraceae | Seeds/leaves | Asthma | – | Increased | [55] |
Rheum australe | Chontal | Polygonaceae | Rhizome/leaves | Cough | 10 | Increased | |
Salvia moorcroftiana | Gadakan | Malvaceae | Leaves/seeds | Cough | – | Increased | [55] |
Sisymbrium irio | Khubkalan | Brassicaceae | Seeds | Cough | 50 | Increased | |
Skimmia laureola | Nyra | Solanaceae | Leaves | Asthma | 12 | Increased | [82] |
Solanum surratense | Kundiyara | Solanaceae | Fruits | Cough, asthma | – | Increased | [55] |
Tamarix dioica | Rukh | Acanthaceae | Bark | Cough | 100 | Increased | [214] |
Thymus linearis | Tumburu | Labiateae | Fruits | Cough, asthma | – | Increased | [55] |
Trachyspermum ammi | Ajwain | Malvaceae | Fruits | Asthma and colds, cough | 550 | Increased | [40] |
Viola biflora | Lilio | Pteridaceae | Flower | Cold and flu | 16 | Increased | |
Viola canescens | Banafsha | Violaceae | Whole plant | Cough | 16 | Increased | [55] |
Viola serpens | Banafsha | Violaceae | Flowers leave | Lung trouble | 100–240 | Increased/India, Germany and Scotland | |
Withania coagulans | Akri | Meliaceae | Fruit | Cough, asthma | 5 | Increased | [215] |
Withania somnifera | Asgand | Zingerberacee | Roots | Flu | 35 | Increased | |
Zizyphus nummularia | – | Solanaceae | Fruit | Bronchitis | 30 | Increased | [214] |
Zizyphus sativa | Mark Hany | Rhamnaceae | Fruit | Bronchitis | 30 | Increased |