Table 4 Herb pair/prescription and gut microbiota

Paired-drugs of Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza(HD)

Astragalus membranaceus, Salvia miltiorrhiza

(1) Improve insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia

(2) Reduce the level of circulating inflammatory factors, fat content and endotoxemia

(3) Regulate blood pressure

Increased:

The ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes

Lactobacillus intestinalis, Akkermansia, Akkermansia muciniphila

Decreased:

N/A

Han et al. [138]

Xiexin Tang (XXT)

Rhei Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma

(1) Regulate structure of the gut microbiota

(2) Ameliorate hyperglycemia, lipid metabolism dysfunction and inflammation

(3) Exhibit vasorelaxant andantihypertensive effects

Increased:

Lactobacillus,

Blautia, Adlercreutzia

Decreased:

Alloprevotella, Papillibacter, Prevotellaceae NK3B31, Lachnospiraceae UCG-001

Xiao et al. [139]

Wei et al. [140]

Wu et al. [141]

Bu Yang Huan Wu Decoction (BYHWD)

Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Amygdalus persica, Carthamus tinctorius, Paeonia lactiflora, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Pheretima aspergillum

(1) Regulate structure of the gut microbiota

(2) Reduce TMAO levels and reducing LDL-C

(3) Affect the plasma metabolites profile of ischemic symptoms

(4) Antioxidation and reduce the hypercoagulable state of blood

Increased:

Bacteroidetes

Decreased:

Escherichia coli, Clostridium, Dsulfovibrionaceae, Coriobacteriacea, Rikenellaceae, Peptococcaceae

Li et al. [142]

Sun et al. [143]

Wu et al. [144]