Medicinal plants utilized in the management of epilepsy in Ethiopia: ethnobotany, pharmacology and phytochemistry

Birhan, Yihenew Simegniew

doi:10.1186/s13020-022-00686-5

Chinese Medicine

Table 1 Ethnobotanical data of MPs used to treat epilepsy and related symptoms in Ethiopia

From: Medicinal plants utilized in the management of epilepsy in Ethiopia: ethnobotany, pharmacology and phytochemistry

No.	Scientific name	Family	GF	PU	CP	ROA	TGs	Study areas	Refs.
1	Acacia seyal Delile	Fabaceae	T	B	D	N	Hu	Amaro District, SNNPR	[62]
2	Acalypha fruticosa Forssk	Euphorbiaceae	Sh	L	F	O	Hu	Yalo District, AfR	[63]
3	Acokanthera schimperi (A. DC.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Schweinf	Apocynaceae	Sh	R	F/D	–	Hu	Enarso District, AR	[64]
4	Agrocharis melanantha Hochst	Apiaceae	H	R	F	N	Li	Bale Mountain National Park, OR	[65]
5	Ajuga integrifolia, Buch.-Hamn	Lamiaceae	H	L	D	O	Hu	Ghimbi District, Selale Mountain Ridges, Jimma Zone, OR	[53, 66, 67]
				Ap	F	O	Hu	Borecha District, OR	[68]
6	Ampelocissus bombycina (Baker) Planch	Vitaceae	Cl	R	F	O	Hu	Hawassa Zuria District, SNNPR	[59]
7	Artemisia abyssinica Sch. Bip. Ex A. Rich	Asteraceae	H	R	F	N	Li	Bale Mountain National Park, OR	[65]
8	Artemisia afra Jacq. Ex Willd	Asteraceae	H	L, R, SB	F	N	Hu	Bale Mountains National Park, OR	[69]
9	Arundinaria alpina K. Schum	Poaceae	T	L, Bu	F	O	Hu/Li	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[70]
10	Asparagus africanus Lam	Asparagaceae	Sh	L, R, SB	F/D	N	Hu	Ankober & Enarj Enawga Districts, AR	[71]
11	Asplenium aethiopicum (Kunth) mett	Aspleniaceae	H	L, R	F	N	Hu	Ankober District, AR	[71]
12	Azadirachta indica A. Juss	Meliaceae	T	L	F	O	Hu/Li	Adwa District, TR	[72]
13	Balanites aegyptica (L.) Del	Balantiaceae	T	R	–	N	Hu	Chifra District, AfR	[73]
14	Biophytum umbraculum Welw	Oxalidaceae	H	R	F	O	Hu	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[60]
15	Brachiaria brizontha (A. Rich.) Stapf	Poaceae	H	R	F	O	Hu	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[60]
16	Brucea antidysenterica J.F.Mill	Simaroubaceae	Sh	L	F	D	Hu	Adwa District, TR	[74]
17	Breonadia salicina (Vahl) Hepper & Wood	Rubiaceae	T	S	F/D	O	Hu	Berta Ethnic Group, BGR	[75]
18	Buddleja polystachya	Luganiaceae	T	L, R, B	D	O, N	Hu	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[60, 76]
19	Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth	Fabaceae	Sh	R	F/D	O	Hu	Berta Ethnic Group, BGR	[75]
20	Capparis tomentosa Lam	Capparidaceae	Cl	R	D	N	Hu	Enarj Enawga District, AR; Asgede Tsimbila District, TR	[77, 78]
21	Carissa edulis (Forssk). Vahl	Apocynaceae	Sh	R	–	–	Hu	Asgede Tsimbila District, TR	[78]
22	Caucanthus auriculatus Forssk	Malpighiaceae	Cl	L	F	O	Hu	Gurage, Mareqo, Qebena, & Silti, SNNPR	[79]
23	Caylusea abyssinica (Fresen.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey	Resedaceae	H	L, R	F	O	Hu	Hamar District, SNNPR	[80]
24	Chenopodium ambrosioides L	Chenopodiaceae	H	L	F	O, N	Hu	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[70]
25	Cissus petiolata Hook. f	Vitaceae	Cl	S	–	D	Hu	Tahtay Koraro, Medebay Zana & Asgede Tsimbla, TR	[81]
26	Celosia polystachia (Forssk.) C.C. Towns	Amaranthaceae	H	L	F	O	Hu	Yalo District, AfR	[63]
27	Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) R.Br. Ex Vatke	Verbenaceae	Sh	L	F	D	Hu	Bale Mountains National Park, OR; Asgede Tsimbila District, TR	[69, 78]
28	Clutia abyssinica Jaub	Euphorbiaceae	Sh	L	F	D	Hu	Aseko District, OR	[82]
29	Crotalaria spinosa Hochst. ex Benth	Fabaceae	H	L	F	O	Li	Mana Angetu District, OR	[83]
30	Croton macrostachyus Del	Euphorbiaceae	T	SB	F/D	O	Hu	Mana Angetu District, OR	[83]
				L	–	–	Hu	Asgede Tsimbila District, TR	[78]
				L	F/D	O	Li	Mana Angetu District, OR	[83]
31	Cucumis ficifolius A. Rich	Solanaceae	H	R, L	F	O	Hu	Asendabo District, OR	[84]
32	Cucurbita pepo L	Cucurbitaceae	Cl	L	F	O	Li	Mana Angetu District & Jimma Zone, OR	[67, 83]
33	Desmodium repandum (Vahl) DC	Fabaceae	H	R	F/D	N	Hu	Ankober District, AR	[71]
34	Dicrocephula integrifolia (L. f.) Kuntaze	Asteraceae	H	L	F	N, D	Hu	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[60, 76]
35	Dregea schimperi (Decne.) Bullock	Apocynaceae	Cl	L	F	O	Hu	Gurage, Mareqo, Qebena & Silti, SNNPR	[79]
36	Echinops Kebericho Mesfin	Asteraceae	H	R	F	N	Hu	Kembatta Tembaro Zone, SNNPR	[85]
				R	D	N	Li	Baso Liben & Debre Elias Districts, AR	[86]
				R, RB	F	O, N	Hu/Li	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[70]
37	Embelia schimperi Vatke	Myrsinaceae	T	Fr	F	O	Hu	Debark Woreda, AR	[87]
				R	D	O	Li	Baso Liben & Debre Elias Districts, AR	[86]
38	Erianthemum dregei (Eckl and Zeyh.) V. Tiegh	Loranthaceae	T	L, S, R	F/D	O	Li	Mana Angetu District, OR	[83]
39	Eucalyptus globulus Labull	Myrtaceae	T	L, Se	F/D	O, N	Hu	Kembatta Tembaro Zone, SNNPR	[85]
40	Euphorbia tirucalli L	Euphorbiaceae	Sh	R	F/D	O	Hu	Amaro District, SNNPR	[62]
41	Fagaropsis angolensis (Engl.) Milne-Redh	Rutaceae	T	Se, L	F	O	Hu	Kochere District, SNNPR	[88]
42	Ficus vasta Forssk	Moraceae	T	B	D	N, D	Hu	Dega Damot District, AR	[52]
43	Galinirea coffeoides	Rubiaceae	Sh	L, R	F	O	Hu	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[60, 76]
44	Gloriosa superba L	Colchicaceae	Sh	L	F	O	Hu	Harla & Dengego valleys, DDAC	[89]
				R	F/D	O	Hu	Mana Angetu District, OR	[83]
45	Guizotia scabra (Vis) Chiov	Compositae	H	R	D	O	Hu	Ada'a District, OR	[90]
46	Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F. Gmel	Rosaceae	T	Fl	–	–	Hu	Bale Rural Communities, OR	[91]
47	Hypericum quartinianum A. Rich	Hypericaceae	Sh	L	D	D	Hu	Around Fiche District, OR	[92]
48	Indigofera articulata Gouan	Fabaceae	Sh	L, R	F	O	Hu	Yalo District, AfR	[63]
49	Indigofera coerulea Roxb	Fabaceae	Sh	R	F	O	Hu	Jeldesa Cluster, DDAC	[93]
50	Inula confertiflora A. Rich	Asteraceae	Sh	L	F	N	Hu	Enarj Enawga District, AR	[77]
51	Jatropha curcas L	Euphorbiaceae	Sh	Se	F	O	Hu	Gurage, Mareqo, Qebena & Silti, SNNPR	[79]
52	Jasminum abyssinicum Hochst. Ex DC	Oleaceae	Cl	L	F	N	Hu	Kembatta Tembaro Zone, SNNPR	[85]
53	Justitia schimperiana Hochst. ex Nees	Acanthaceae	Sh	L	F	O, D	Hu	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[70]
54	Lagenarin abyssinica (Hoof. f) C. Jeffrey	Cucurbitaceae	H	L	F	N	Hu	Asendabo District, OR	[84]
55	Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & Wood	Asteraceae	Sh	R	F	O	Hu	Yilmana Densa & Quarit Districts, AR	[42]
56	Lobelia gibberoa Hemsl	Lobeliaceae	T	Se	D	O	Hu	Gubalafto District, AR	[61]
57	Maytenus gracilipes (Welw.ex Oliv) Exell	Celastraceae	Sh	L	D	O	Hu	Bale Mountains National Park, OR	[69]
58	Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Robson	Celastraceae	Sh	L	F	O	Hu	Gurage, Mareqo, Qebena & Silti, SNNPR	[79]
59	Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Excell	Celastraceae	Sh	Se	F/D	O	Hu	Wonago District, SNNPR	[45]
60	Myrica salicifolia Hochst. ex A. Rich	Myrsinaceae	T	B	D	N	Li	Hulet Eju Enese District, AR	[35]
61	Nicotiana tabacum L	Solanaceae	Sh	R	D	O, N	Hu	Mana Angetu District, OR; Ankober District, AR	[71, 83]
				L	F	D, N	Hu	Fadis & Dugda Districts, OR; Ankober District, AR	[71, 94, 95]
				L	F	O	Li	Mana Angetu District, OR	[83]
62	Ocimum canum Sims	Lamiaceae	H	L	F	N	Hu	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[70]
63	Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst,ex Benth	Lamiaceae	H	L	F	O, N, D	Hu/Li	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[70]
64	Olea europaea L	Oleaceae	T	L	D	N	Hu	Hulet Eju Enese District, AR	[35]
65	Olinia rochetiana A. Juss	Oliniaceae	T	R	F/D	N	Hu	Ankober District, AR	[71]
66	Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller	Cactaceae	H	L	F	D	Hu	Debark District, AR	[87]
67	Pavetta abyssinica Fresen	Rubiaceae	Sh	Bu, Se	F	N	Hu	Kembatta Tembaro Zone, SNNPR	[85]
68	Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich) Vatke	Rubiaceae	Sh	RB	F/D	O	Hu	Wonago District, SNNPR	[45]
69	Plectranthus edulis Vatke	Lamiaceae	H	L, R	-	O	Hu	Abay Chomen District, OR	[96]
70	Pterolobium stellatum Forsk. Brenan	Fabaceae	Sh	R	F/D	N	Hu	Hulet Eju Enese District, AR	[35]
				Wh	F	O	Hu	Bahir Dar Zuria District, AR	[97]
				L, R	F	N	Hu	Hamar District, SNNPR	[80]
71	Rhamnus staddo A. Rich	Rhamnaceae	Sh	L	F	N	Hu	Enarj Enawga District, AR	[77]
72	Rhus vulgaris Meikle	Anacardiaceae	Sh	L	F	O, N, D	Hu	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[70]
73	Rumex nepajensis Spreng	Polygonaceae	Sh	R	F	N	Hu	Borecha District, OR	[68]
74	Ruta chalepensis L	Rutaceae	Sh	L, Se	F	N	Hu	Hulet Eju Enese District, AR	[35]
75	Satureja abyssinica (Benth.) Briq	Lamiaceae	H	L	F	N	Hu/Li	Dawro Zone, SNNPR	[60, 76]
76	Securidaca longepedunculata Fres	Polygonaceae	T	R	D	N	Hu	Enemay District, AR	[39]
77	Solanum incanum L	Solanaceae	Sh	R	F	O	Li	Mana Angetu District, OR	[83]
78	Sida rhombifolia L	Malvaceae	H	R	–	N	Hu	Tahtay Koraro, Medebay Zana & Asgede Tsimbla, TR	[81]
79	Sida schimperiana Hochst. Ex A.Rich	Malvaceae	Sh	–	F	O	Hu	Wonago District, SNNPR	[45]
80	Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC	Myrtaceae	T	S	D	O, N	Hu	Berta Ethnic Group, BGR	[75]
81	Tragia cinerea (Pax) Gilbert and Radcl.-Smith	Euphorbiaceae	Cl	R	D	O	Hu	Menz Gera-Midir District, AR	[98]
82	Tynura pseudochina L	Compositae	Sh	L	F	O	Hu	Borecha District, OR	[68]
83	Urera hypselodendron (Hochst.) ex A. Rich	Urticaceae	Cl	R	D	O	Hu	Hulet Eju Enese District, AR	[35]
84	Vangueria volkensii K.Schum	Rubiaceae	Sh	L, R	F	O	Hu	Hamar District, SNNPR	[80]
85	Verbena bonariensis	Verbenaceae	H	L	D	N	Hu	Mojana District, AR	[99]
86	Vernonia amygdalina Del	Asteraceae	Sh	L, B	F	O, D	Hu/Li	Dawuro Zone, SNNPR	[70]
87	Vigna membrancea (L.) A. Rich	Fabaceae	Cl	L, R	F/D	O	Li	Abay Chomen & Kersa Districts, OR	[55, 96]
88	Withania somnifera (L.) Dun	Solanaceae	Sh	R	F/D	O	Hu	Mana Angetu District, OR	[83]
89	Xanthium stramonium L	Solanaceae	H	L	F	D	Hu	Fadis District, OR	[95]
90	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	Zingiberaceae	H	R	F	O	Hu	Amaro District, SNNPR	[62]

GF growth forms, T Tree, Sh shrub, H herb and Cl climber, Plant PU parts used, L leaf (), S stem, SB stembark, R root, RB rootbark, Bd buds, Ap apex, Se seed, Wh whole plant, Ar aerial part (), Bu bulbs, Lx latex, Fr fruit, Fl flower and Rh rhizome, CP condition of preparation, F fresh, and D dry, ROA routes of administration, O Oral, N nasal, D dermal and Au auricular, TGs target groups, Hu Human and Li livestock, Reginal states of Ethiopia: AR amhara region, AfR Afar region, BGR Benshangul-Gumuz region, DDAC dire dawa administration council, OR oromia region, TR tigray region, SNNPR southern nations, nationalities and peoples and peoples region

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ISSN: 1749-8546

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