Berberine improves negative symptoms and cognitive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia via anti-inflammatory effect: a randomized clinical trial

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants who completed the study

Parameter	Exp	Con	MD/RD (95% CI)	t/χ²	P
Age, y	42.71 ± 7.86	44.82 ± 8.09	− 2.11 (− 5.17 to 0.95)	− 1.352	0.179
Sex (M/F)	23/33	21/29	− 0.93% (− 19.72% to 17.86%)	0.010	0.923
Education (P/M)	21/35	24/26	− 10.50% (− 29.28% to 8.28%)	1.192	0.275
Duration of Illness, m	166.20 ± 33.66	173.18 ± 27.47	− 6.98 (− 18.87 to 11.91)	− 1.151	0.252
SAPS	4.29 ± 1.97	4.36 ± 2.02	− 0.07 (− 0.79 to 0.65)	− 0.190	0.850
HAMA	2.79 ± 2.17	2.90 ± 2.12	− 0.11 (− 0.91 to 0.69)	− 0.271	0.787
HAMD-17	2.88 ± 2.35	2.78 ± 2.19	0.10 (− 0.83 to 1.03)	0.212	0.832

M/F indicates male/female; P/M indicates primary school/middle school or higher levels; Exp indicates the experimental group; Con indicates the control group; MD indicates mean difference; RD indicates rate difference; CI indicates confidence interval

ISSN: 1749-8546